Ch notes Free Essays

Indians and Africans) b) Factors that ruined solidarity among the Europeans in America 1. Puritans cut tight, devout, and generally popularity based networks of little family cultivates A homogeneous world contrasted with most southern settlements 2. Anglicans manufactured manors along the coast Where they ruled over a work power of dark slaves Looked downward on the poor white ranchers who settled the backwoods 3. We will compose a custom paper test on Ch notes or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Decent variety reigned in center states Well-to-do shippers put their stamp on New York City In the field rambling domains were blended with unobtrusive estates 4. Inside Individual states, clashes rotted over monetary Interests, ethnic competitions, ND strict practices 5. All the conflicts made it hard for pilgrims to envision that they were a solitary people with a typical thickness c) General issues that drove pioneers to oppose Brittany 1. The steady course of action between the pilgrims and Brittany started to disintegrate, a survivor of the Imperial competition among France and Brittany 2. When the French were driven from the North American landmass, the homesteaders not, at this point required the British for assurance 3. The British government settled on the decision of forcing charges on states that had been acquainted with noting mostly to their success pioneer gatherings 4. Issues of tax collection, self-rule, and exchange limitations carried the emergency of Imperial position to a head II. The Shaping of North America: Major topographical highlights and the significance of the Great Ice Age a) The Rockies, the Sierra Nevada, and Coast Ranges †â€Å"American Mountains† b) The landmass was tied down In its Northeastern corner by the monstrous Canadian Shield c) The â€Å"tidewater† area wrinkled by numerous waterway valleys. Loped tenderly upward to the old edges of the Appalachians d) â€Å"Roof of America† †the land tumbled off Jaggedly onto the intermediation Great Basin e) The valleys of Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and the Willamette-Peugeot Sound trough seamed the Interiors of present-day California, Oregon, and Washington f) When the ice sheets at long las t withdrew, they left the North American scene changed g) The heaviness of the ice mantle had discouraged the degree of the Canadian Shield h) The softening ice had scoured away the shield’s topsoil, pitting its rough surface with a great many shallow sorrows into which the liquefying ice sheets streamed to frame lakes l) Deprived of both Inflow and going, the monster lake turned into a bit by bit contracting Inland ocean. It became Increasingly saline, gradually vanished, and left a dry, mineral-rich desert Ill. Peopling the FIFO a) How the progenitors of the American Indians Journeyed to America and why 1 . Some Early people groups may have arrived at the Americas in rough vessels however most likely traveled via land 2. As the ocean level dropped, it uncovered a land connect interfacing Eurasia with North America 3. Most likely after transitory groups of game, wandered little groups of itinerant Asian trackers b) Evidence that Indians of Central and South America were propelled 1 . Throughout the hundreds of years they split into endless clans, advanced in excess of 2,000 separate dialects, and created numerous assorted religions, societies, and lifestyles 2. Their progressed horticultural practices, in view of on the development of maize 3. These people groups manufactured expound urban communities and carried on remote 4. Skilled mathematicians, they mentioned strikingly exact galactic objective facts 5. The Aztec looked for the kindness of the divine beings by offering human penances Cutting out the hearts of he chests of living casualties, who were frequently prisoners vanquished in fight IV. The Earliest Americans an) Agriculture, particularly corn developing, represented the size and advancement of the Native American human advancements in Mexico and South America b) The Nazis assembled an intricate pueblo of in excess of 600 interconnected rooms c) Maize, strains of beans, and squash made conceivable â€Å"three-sister† cultivating, with beans developing on the trellis of cornstalks and squash covering the planting hills to hold dampness in the dirt 1 . This created probably the most elevated populace densities on the mainland d) In the northeastern forests, the Iroquois Confederacy thudded the political and hierarchical abilities to continue a strong military coalition that menaced its neighbors e) The local people groups of North America were living in little, dissipated, and temporary settlements f) Women watched out for the yields, while men chased, angled, accumulated fuel, and cleared fields for planting g) The Native Americans had neither the longing nor the way to control nature forcefully, they loved the physical world and supplied nature with profound properties V. Circuitous Discoverers of the New World a) Probably the principal Europeans to â€Å"discover† America Blond-whiskery Norse sailors room Scandinavia, who had risked upon the northeastern shoulder of North America †be that as it may, no solid country state, longing to extend, bolstered these bold explorers. Their shaky settlements thusly were before l ong deserted, and their revelation was overlooked b) Christian Crusaders †European warriors who in a roundabout way found America in view of Rupee’s needing for intriguing products VI. Europeans Enter Africa †Setting the Stage for the â€Å"Discovery’ of America a) Marco Polo: an Italian explorer; he should be viewed as an aberrant pioneer of he New World, for his book, with its portrayal of rose-colored pearls and brilliant pagodas, invigorated European wants for a less expensive course to the fortunes of the East b) The Portuguese built up the caravel, yet they had found that they could come back to Europe by cruising northwesterly from the African coast toward the Azores, where the common westbound breezes would convey them home c) The members of the most punctual African slave exchange were Arab tissue traders and Africans themselves. 1 . Slave facilitates intentionally isolated people from the equivalent rib’s and combined not at all like individuals to disappoint sorted out opposition d) Portuguese: they fabricated their own efficient traffic in captives to work the sugar 1. Bartholomew Aids adjusted the southernmost tip of the â€Å"Dark Continent† 2. Jars father Gamma at last arrived at India and got back with a little yet tempting freight of Jewels and flavors VI’. Columbus Comes upon a New World an) In Spain, an advanced national state was come to fruition, with the solidarity, riches and influence to bear the impressive errands of revelation, success, and colonization b) The renaissance in the fourteenth century supported a driven soul of idealism ND experience †print machines encouraged the spread of logical information. The mariner’s compass disposed of a portion of the vulnerabilities odd ocean travel c) Columbus’ journeys to America 1. Where in America? †An island in the Bahamas 2. Columbus was a â€Å"successful failure† in light of the fact that when looking for another water course to the legendary Indies, he in actuality caught a colossal land boundary hindering the sea pathway d) Columbus’ revelation shook four landmasses: Europe, Africa, and the Americas which developed and related worldwide financial framework 1 . Europe gave the business sectors, the capital, and the innovation 2. Africa outfi tted the work 3. The New World offered its crude materials VIII. At the point when Worlds Collide: â€Å"Columbian Exchange† an) Europeans discovered iguanas and poisonous snakes alongside tobacco, beans, maize, tomatoes, and potatoes †inevitably changed the worldwide economy just as the European eating routine b) The Europeans brought dairy cattle, pig, ponies, sugarcane, and the seeds of Kentucky Bluegrass, dandelions, and daisies †the Native Americans received the pony, changing their societies into exceptionally versatile, wide-running tracker social orders c) The Europeans brought smallpox, yellow fever, and intestinal sickness to the New World, which would rapidly crush the Native Americans. The illness syphilis was brought to the Old World. This had infused the explicitly transmitted infection into Europe just because. ‘X. The Spanish Conquistadors a) Treaty of Tortillas †partitioned the â€Å"heathen lands† of the New World among Portugal and Spain b) Important Spanish Explorers 1. Containers Nuke Balboa hailed as the pioneer of the pacific sea 2. Ferdinand Magellan finished the primary circumnavigation of the globe 3. Juan Pence De Leon investigated Florida 4. Francisco Coronado went from Arizona to Kansas, while finding the Grand Canyon and gigantic groups of Bison 5. Hernandez De Sotto found and crossed the Mississippi River 6. Francisco Pizzeria squashed the Incas of Peru and included an enormous crowd of goods to Spanish coffers c) Because of the Spanish triumphs, the world economy was changed †it prompted more cash in Europe which prompted the spread of trade and assembling d) Encomia framework †it permitted the legislature to â€Å"commend† or offer, Indians to specific pioneers consequently to attempt to Christianize them X. The Conquest of Mexico language of the ground-breaking Aztec leaders of the incredible domain in the good countries of focal Mexico b) Cortes’ motivation was that he just needed gold c) Mastectomy accepted that Cortes was the god Sequestrate d) Ethnocentric †it astounded the Spanish in view of how huge and wonderful it was: with 300,000 occupants spread more than ten square miles; it was encircled skimming gardens odd uncommon excellence e) Enoch Tries: (Sad Night) the Aztec assaulted, driving the Spanish down the interstates from Ethnocentric in a wild, bleeding retreat f) Impact of victory of Aztec: 1. †: Native populace of Mexico diminished quickly because of malady 2. +: Crops and creatures were brought to the Americas too

Meaning of the Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate

Which means of the Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate The rough birth rate (CBR) and unrefined demise rate (CBR) are factual qualities that can be utilized to gauge the development or decrease of a populace. Definitions The unrefined birth rate and rough demise rate are both estimated by the pace of births or passings individually among a populace of 1,000. The CBR and CDR are controlled by taking the absolute number of births or passings in a populace and partitioning the two qualities by a number to acquire the rate per 1,000. For instance, if a nation has a populace of 1â million, and 15,000 children were brought into the world a year ago in that nation, we partition both the 15,000 and 1,000,000 by 1,000 to acquire the rate per 1,000. Along these lines the unrefined birth rate is 15 for each 1,000. The rough birth rate is called unrefined in light of the fact that it doesn't consider age or sex contrasts among the populace. In our speculative nation, the rate is 15 births for each 1,000 individuals, however the probability is that around 500 of those 1,000 individuals are men, and of the 500 who are ladies, just a specific rate are fit for conceiving an offspring in a given year. Birth Trends Rough birth paces of more than 30 for every 1,000 are viewed as high, and paces of under 18 for each 1,000 are viewed as low. The worldwide rough birth rate in 2016 was 19 for each 1,000. In 2016, unrefined birth rates went from 8 for every 1,000 in nations, for example, Japan, Italy, Republic of Korea, and Portugalâ to 48 in Niger. The CBR in the United States continuedâ trending down, as it accomplished for the whole world since topping in 1963, coming in at 12 for every 1,000. By correlation in 1963, the worldsâ crude birth rate hit more than 36. Numerous African nations have an exceptionally high unrefined birth rate, and ladies in those nations have a high all out fruitfulness rate, which means they offer births to numerous kids in the course of their life. Nations with a low fruitfulness rate (and low unrefined birth pace of 10 to 12 of every 2016) incorporate European countries, the United States, and China. Passing Trends The rough passing rate gauges the pace of passings for each 1,000 individuals in a given populace. Rough passing paces of beneath 10 are viewed as low, while unrefined demise rates over 20 for every 1,000 are viewed as high. Rough passing rates in 2016 went from 2 in Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrainâ to 15 for each 1,000 in Latvia, Ukraine, and Bulgaria.â The worldwide rough demise rate in 2016 was 7.6, and in the United States, the rate was 8â per 1,000. The crude passing rate for the world has been on the decrease since 1960 when it came in at 17.7. It has been falling far and wide (and drastically in creating economies) because of longer life spansâ brought about by a superior food supplies and conveyance, better nourishment, better and all the more broadly accessible clinical consideration (and the advancement of innovations, for example, vaccinations and anti-toxins), upgrades in sanitation and cleanliness, and clean water supplies. Much of the expansion in total populace in the course of the only remaining century generally has been credited more to longer futures instead of an expansion in births.

Understanding Your Fear of Elevators

Understanding Your Fear of Elevators Phobias Types Print Understanding the Fear of Elevators By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 03, 2019 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Phobias Related to Elevators Previous Experiences Elevator Safety Safety Tips Overcoming Elevator Phobia View All Back To Top Although it has no official phobia name, the fear of elevators is relatively common. According to the Elevator Escalator Safety Foundation, over 210 billion passengers use elevators in the U.S. and Canada each year. But many people feel at least a slight nervousness when contemplating a long elevator ride. In some people, the fear of elevators is triggered by an existing phobia, but the fear often appears alone. Like any phobia, the fear of elevators ranges from mild to severe. Phobias Related to Elevators Elevators are a common trigger for claustrophobia and agoraphobia. Claustrophobia is defined as the fear of enclosed spaces. As a relatively small and confined box, it is easy to see how an elevator could cause a claustrophobic reaction.Agoraphobia is the fear of being trapped in a situation in which escape would be difficult or impossible should a panic attack occur. Those with agoraphobia typically avoid “clusters” of related situations, and many people with agoraphobia have no problem with elevators at all. Nonetheless, an elevator would be difficult to escape, and it is not unusual for people with  agoraphobia  to avoid elevators. Previous Experiences Many phobias can be traced to a previous experience that caused fright. Those who have been stuck in an elevator, even briefly, may be more likely to develop an elevator phobia. However, the experience need not have happened to you. Elevators are prominently featured in many horror movies, Halloween events, and other scary pop culture  moments. On the rare occasion that something goes wrong with an elevator in real life, the story is constantly rebroadcast for days in the media, and the video may circulate online for years. Watching something scary happens in an elevator may be enough to trigger this fear. The Truth About Elevator Safety Like anything else in life, riding an elevator carries a very small risk. However, the Elevator Escalator Safety Foundation points out that many people have strong misconceptions as to how an elevator works. In 1853, Elijah Otis revolutionized the elevator industry by implementing a safety brake system to engage in the event of a hoist rope failure. Since then, technological advancements and industry regulations have vastly increased the safety of elevators. Today, elevators are supported by multiple cables, each of which is strong enough to carry more than the weight of a fully-loaded car. Outer doors capable of opening only when the elevator car is firmly settled in place make it virtually impossible to fall down a shaft. Speed governors and other devices work in tandem to guide cars safely to their destinations. Modern elevator cars are designated safe rooms, making them the safest place to be if the system should fail. Elevator cars have emergency phones and alarms, allowing passengers to call for help. They are not airtight, and stuck passengers are in no danger of running out of air. Nonetheless, elevator accidents do occasionally occur. Elevators get stuck now and then, and in very rare circumstances, passengers have been trapped for more than a day. Other than hungry, thirsty, and a bit bored, the passengers are just fine. Even more rarely, something goes catastrophically wrong with an elevator. In 2011, for example, two women died two weeks apart on opposite sides of the country. The accident in California was apparently due to rider errorâ€"the woman attempted to climb from the elevator when it stopped between floors. The elevator was inspected and found to be working normally. However, the accident in New York City that year was blamed on maintenance workers who did not properly reconnect a safety system. Safety Tips While it is impossible to remove all theoretical risks from any machine, the Elevator Escalator Safety Foundation provides a list of safety tips for riders to follow. Among the advice: Use the Door Open button to hold the doors for slower riders rather than attempting to push the doors open.Keep all carry-on items and clothing clear of the doors.Remain in the elevator car in case of an emergency.Take the stairs if fire may be present. Overcoming Elevator Phobia For many people, learning the safety rules and becoming familiar with elevator operation is enough to curb a mild fear. Simply sitting and watching a glass elevator for a few hours can help take away some of the anxiety as well. If your fear is more severe or persistent, however, professional assistance may be required. Elevator phobias have caused people to turn down good jobs on high floors, avoid visiting loved ones in high-rise hospitals and push themselves to ascend dozens of flights of stairs. With professional assistance and a bit of hard work, there is no need for elevator phobia to take over your life.

Technology Is Effective And Efficient Form Of Teaching

When my partner and I were looking for options on what to research, we decided that we were going to research something that we were actually interested on, we decided to research â€Å"Technology in Physical Education†. Many would think to themselves, how can technology be useful in PE? Technology over the years has played a big role in improving PE and finding out new ways to better students. Technology in PE is effective and efficient form of teaching, it’s accessible, and best used when the technology is appropriate. The way that technology can be effective in PE is by making sure that the technology you are using is having a positive impact in your classroom and your teaching methods. There are some technology that has a huge impact on†¦show more content†¦By being able to go online, you can teach students many things. As health concerns, you can show the kids healthy food choices at a young age so as they grow they start to realize for themselves what is healthy and unhealthy. Also, when teaching a certain sport or trying to explain something, a teacher can simply go online and research more on the topic to get a better understanding of what has to be taught. By showing the student’s videos of how to do certain things, the students can understand it better so when it is time to perform the task they can recall to watching the video and perform the task. There are also many inspiration videos so that they kids can get motivated and excited to attend gym class. When a teacher isn’t strong in a certain subject they can go online and research more so that when it is time to present to the class they can be more familiar with the topic and effectively teach the students on what to do. Accessibility plays a huge role because teachers have the ability to adapt to the way different learning styles of students. There are different kind of games that the teacher can teach so that each student can have fun and learn out of. There are some kids who learn in different ways. Some are visual learners, some need extra explanation, and most important, there are some kids who are overweight and have disabilities. But

Self-Esteem an Social Media - 985 Words

Facebook Activity and Self-Esteem Self-Esteem Self-esteem serves as the foundation for many components of who we are and our views on life. High levels of self-esteem have been correlated with greater satisfaction in multiple important aspects of life, including professions, salaries, relationships, and physical health (Orth, 2012). While good self-esteem can be associated with many benefits, low self-esteem is accompanied by countless negative qualities. In a recent study, it was found that adolescents who experienced a decrease in self-esteem experienced more symptoms of depression both in adolescence, and in their thirties, supporting the notion that low self-esteem as well as decreases in self-esteem can be directly linked with†¦show more content†¦Although social media use has gone up in general, research has shown that individuals with certain personality traits are more likely to use them and more often. These traits include extroversion, not being very conscientious, being more open to experiences, higher neu roticism levels (Kalmus, 2011; Wilson, 2010). The reasons behind all this time spent on online social networking are first to spend extra time, and following that, to keep up with friends and communicate (Ozguven, 2013). Social media effects. With the increasing popularity of social media usage, there has been accompanying attention on the effects that spending large amounts of time on these websites can have. Research looking at the effects that perceptions of online social networking circles have on self-esteem, and life-satisfaction revealed a positive roll social media can play. The subsequent data indicated that larger online social circles, regardless of the closeness of these acquaintances, result in individuals feeling like they have a lot of social support, and in turn, they experience greater life-satisfaction (Manago, 2012). Although there are clearly pros and cons to social media, most of the research focuses on the negative aspects of online social networking, poss ibly due to the widespread and excessive use of it by adolescents and young adults. In 2005, nearly 80% ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Media and Self-Esteem Essay3946 Words   |  16 PagesSocial media and Self-esteem Anh Phung Abstract In this day and age, social media has become an integral part of our lives. It has created a platform for people to share information instantly and communicate with people all around the world. Facebook is the most outstanding example of successful social media network. According to the first quarter 2015 earnings announcement by Facebook, the site has achieved 1.44 billion active users per month, and 65% of which are daily active users. Other socialRead MoreImpact Of Social Media On Self Esteem2052 Words   |  9 Pages Affects Social media has on Self-esteem Olivia Nelson Victory Charter School This paper explains about the affects social media has on our self-esteem as teenagers and how cyberbullying is a major problem in our society because there is nothing we can do about it. Social media is a major part of our lives and every day routines so when we take a step back and realize what we have done or have been doing then we know how negative it can be. Social media will forever depict whoRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Self Esteem And Self Control1422 Words   |  6 PagesAre Facebook users gaining any benefits from the popular social media site or just unconsciously being affected by all the negatives? Thanks to Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook launched in 2004 and has been growing in popularity ever since. The purpose of Facebook is to allow individuals to voice what matters to them all while connecting and engaging with others. The social media platform has users accessing worldwide and according to Facebook’s newsroom, in 2015 there was an average of 1.04 b illion activeRead MoreSocial Media s Effect On Self Esteem929 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation that discuss social media’s effect on one’s self-esteem. The sources used are â€Å"Social Comparison, Social Media, and Self-Esteem†, an article printed in â€Å"Psychology of Popular Media† written by Vogel et al. (2014) and â€Å"Facebook Envy: How the Social Network Affects our Self-Esteem† an internet article written by Andrea Shea (2004) found at http://www.wbur.org/2013/02/20/facebook-perfection. The sources share comparative information on the widespread use of social networking sites (SNSs)Read MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Individual Self Esteem Essay1981 Words   |  8 PagesSince social media is a relatively new concept, many of the practical implications of using social networking sites are still being studied. For many research psychologists and sociologists alike, how use of social media affects one’s individual self-esteem, well-being, and overall mental health is a great area of research. Previous research has yielded highly differing, and sometimes conflicting results. For example, in their systemic review of literature from 2003-2013, Best, Manktelow, and TaylorRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On People s Self Esteem Essay2204 Words   |  9 PagesAlmost everyone possesses some form of social media that links them to the rest of the world. Society and culture are so intertwined with social media that it is natural for â€Å"myths† to emerge. These myths include the notions that social media boosts self-esteem, that people’s privacy is protected as long as only friends are able to view their profiles, and that it is an accurate, effective news outlet. Despite the benefits of the connection brought by social media, there are serious drawbacks and manyRead MoreThe Impact of Social Media Upon Self Esteem2506 Words   |  11 Pagesis different now. Thanks to recent advances in techn ology and the Internet, it could be argued that we are much more social beings. If we need feedback on something, it can be attained in seconds. While this concept does present many possible benefits, there are many disadvantages. Say an aspiring artist creates what she thinks could be her best masterpiece yet, an intricate self-portrait painted on a colorful canvas. Like most artists, she wants others to appreciate her piece, so she posts it onRead MoreSocial Media Has A Heavy Influence On An Individuals Self Esteem1389 Words   |  6 Pagesover and becomes a part of our existential being. This paper will address how this virtual reality in the form of social media has a heavy influence on an individual’s self-esteem. Merriam-Webster denotes this (‘self-esteem’) as a â€Å"feeling of having respect for yourself and your abilities† (Onomatopoeia, n.d.). Having both positive and negative effects, we will see how social media usage is portrayed on a global scale, as well as on an individual level. The methods I’ll be using are identifyingRead MoreSocial Media Has a Negative Effect on Body Image and Self Esteem1202 Words   |  5 Pages Social media has become one of the most popular sources of communication for the upcoming generation. For young people growing up in today’s society, social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter have provided pictures and news that have become the first thing that their eyes see in the morning and the last thing that they see before bed. These pictures have provided unrealistic standards as to what is considered beautiful in today’s society. As young people refer to these imagesRead MoreEssay On Social Media1697 Words   |  7 Pagesafter social media use, in case closed ended questions did not accurately encapsulate the feelings of the participant. The second question gathered data on the favorite social media platform for participants, options included Facebook, Instagram, snapchat, twitter, other and an I don’t use social media choice. This information was used to gage the focus of participants for the rest of the survey. Next, a semantic dif ferential question asked participants how they felt after using social media on a

Relational Theory Of Romantic Relationships - 1336 Words

After reading your story, it is a reoccurring situation that has been brought to the attention of many relational theorists. Studies have shown romantic relationships are challenged and go through various stages of relational maintenance that may not always be positive. However, the conceptualization of negativity in romantic relationships is often dismissed. As a society, there has been the glorification of love and how romantic relationships should play out. Whether it is through the representations featured in literature, film, music or other media platforms, the concepts of soul mates, â€Å"love conquers all†, and the idea of â€Å"meant to be† are ideologies that have led people to believe in an idealized and perfected construct of what love in romantic relationships is. Society has convinced itself through the portrayals of love that â€Å"mind-blowing, transcendent romantic relationships† are a â€Å"normal part of living† (Klosterman, 3). People s pend lifetimes searching for love and once found they will do all they can to hold onto it because love is perceived as the solution to people’s problems and the key to true happiness. However, this conceptualization of love leads people to fabricate relationships based on â€Å"fake love† (Klosterman, 3). The idea that love and attraction toward a romantic partner is a never ending leads to the ideology relationships are immortal to termination. Simply, romantic love is considered to be untouchable, but this is a disillusioned perception. There isShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Long Distance Relationships1588 Words   |  7 PagesDespite the fact that relationships can be troubling, stressful, and even deadly, most of us are aware that we need relationships with others and that the quality of our lives depends on those relationships whether it is from friends or romantic partners. With the development of technology the evolution of long distance dating relations hips are transforming. Long distance relationships used to primarily consist of handwritten letters with the occasional phone call in between. However, progressionRead MoreRelationship Satisfaction Is An Important Part Of Romantic Relationships1295 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship satisfaction is an important part of romantic relationships. A lack of satisfaction can lead to consequences in other areas of life and eventually, the destruction of the relationship. For example, job performance is heavily influenced by romantic relationship satisfaction. In a study by Greenhaus and Beutell (1985), they argued that poor satisfaction leads to poor job performance and vice versa. They stated this was to because these two spheres are â€Å"interdependent.† Satisfaction canRead MoreThe Communication Behavior Of Long Distance Relationships Essay926 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication behavior in long distance relationships. This paper will examine the behavior of how couples sustain their relationship being in long distance relationships and long distance relationships in military separation. How do females in the military maintain long distance relationships? Crystal Jiang, L., Hancock, J. T. (2013). Absence makes the communication grow fonder: geographic separation, interpersonal media, and intimacy in dating relationships. Journal Of Communication, 63, 556-577Read MoreLeonid Afremov’s Painting, Alley by the Lake995 Words   |  4 PagesSecure romantic relationships are based on trust and understanding. They are developed over time and tend to last the longest; however, just because a couple feels secure doesn’t mean the couple is necessarily happy. While every healthy relationship shines with rays of trust and happiness, shadows often lurk filled with lies and deceit. A painting, entitled Alley by the Lake, by Leonid Afremov portrays the secure, yet secret, side to relationships. Happiness holds relationships together. FindingRead MoreCommunication Differences : Symbolic Interactionism And Relational Dialectics760 Words   |  4 PagesThe two communication theories I will feature are Symbolic Interactionism and Relational Dialectics. As defined in our text book, Symbolic Interactionism refers to how â€Å"humans act toward people, things and events on the basis of the meanings they assign to them.† (Cite your textbook) while Relational Dialectics states â€Å"social life is a dynamic knot of contradictions, a ceaseless interplay between contradictory or opposing tendencies such as integration-separation, stability-change, and expression-nonexpression†Read MoreEssay on Communication Traits of Happy Couples1638 Words   |  7 Pagescouples who are happy and those who are not, through all stages of a relationship. They have found that many of the traits that begin in a dating relationship will carry over into a marriage. Researchers have turned to the ways in which these happy couples communicate and the ways that not so happy couples communicate in order to find a common thread between couples who stay committed to one another while being satisfied in the relationship. There are communicative traits practiced by these couples whoRead MoreThe Effects Of Personal Attachment Style On Romantic Relationship Satisfaction1718 Words   |  7 PagesStyle on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationships as adults (Levy 2012, pg. 157). As human beings, we need to feel as if we belong (Cherry, 2016). We find this belongingness in our relationships and attachmentsRead MoreThe Most Important Aspect Of Communication898 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication classes, and try our best to apply the lessons to our real life relationships. Although my class uses projects to challenge our knowledge, I know your class takes tests, so I’m going to help you review in this letter! In my opinion, the most important aspect of communication is the way we manage different types of relationships. In the following paragraphs, I’ll help you review topics such as why various relationship types matter, how we form them, and what distinguishes them from each otherRead MoreThe Priming Of Attachment Style And The Effects On Romantic Relationship Satisfaction1734 Words   |  7 PagesStyle and Relationship Satisfaction: The Priming of Attachment Style and the Effects on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Milynn C. Scheer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationships as adultsRead MoreEmotive Leadership Theory And Perspective Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe following essay attempts to critically analyse ‘emotive’ leadership theory and perspective. This will be done by both academic research and popular moods. Furthermore, this essay seeks to define emotive leadership, gain insight, ask if emotive leadership is relevance in the modern leadership and to question if emotive leadership is a romantic myth as suggested by Jackson and Parry along with trust issues within organisations. With the aid of popular moods to further the critical analysis throughout

Management of Information Technology; A Case Study Approach

Question: Describe about the Management of Information Technology for A Case Study Approach. Answer: Introduction Background and analysis A web server is an application that is responsible for the collection and servicing web pages upon the request of a client, and they are stored in computer hard drives. Notably, the main objective of security on a network is to keep off strangers not allowed to access the servers, hence a web server configured poorly damages a firewall that is properly designed. In an internet environment, the web server is properly configured to authenticate and recognize various users and with distinct privileges of access such as PeopleSharz company. Web servers are usually possible targets for(hackers) hence the need for security as a tool for administration of intranet and internet connected servers.it is possible that the hackers accessed information from the website of PeopleSharz through the common gateway interface(CGI) script that operate 24 hours in web servers. These scripts handle different user inputs from numerous browsers of the web, return information to clients and have access to databases, making it more vulnerable to attacks.it presents loopholes in sec[1]urity as it shows information from the host that assists attackers with mechanisms of breaking through the servers to access data of PeopleSharz Company. Additionally, it present challenges as its commands are easily executable and harm the unwanted machine causing complete damage. Another point of potential loophole is on the access control that explains on people granted viewing rights on the web server of peoplesharz.it also determines who to execute the elements in the CGI scripts, while integrity and privacy is an important issue of consideration in preventing data theft and corruption of content. There are also threats arising from data transmission through TCP/IP protocol as it was not designed to maintain the highest levels of security, giving room for unauthorized access of data. Therefore an eavesdropper may listen to the transfer of confidential online documents from one server t another or during transmission of end-user information that is private. There is a high probability of denial of service attacks where the attacker aims at shutting down network servers, therefore resulting in restriction on accessibility of data. Its associated negative impacts include the alteration of information and network components and the consumption of limited and non-renewable resources. Additionally, the features offered by complex servers include execution of CGI scripts, processing, and handling of errors in scripts plus on the fly directory listings.it is also important in getting the server rights and permissions to facilitate the safeguarding of information that are sensitive n nature and CGI scripts, since there are two file system roots in operation. Conclusively, the above explained security concerns show extensively the nature to which the servers of PeopleSharz company as corrupted and confidential information retrieved.it is important to block these loopholes in a bid to ensure and enhance the safety of necessary information on the project of PeopleSharz and protecting their passwords on their sites to prevent intruder access as presented in the case study. Analysis Of Threats The matters for consideration in the investigation concerning breach of protocol of servers of PeopleSharz Company include the hosting provider, HotHost1, and technical support manager in the Hotel. It is also important to investigate the type of attack initiated by the hacker to help in the swift and efficient solving of problems presented by the network server breach. Additionally, the potential risks and associated outcomes of hacking into the system of PeopleSharz is also an important matter for investigation as it will help in the successful gauging of the impact of the system. It is important to note that hacking activities in organizations systems have adverse potential effects to the operations and reputation of the company. Investigation of associated risks According to the excerpt, PeopleSharz Companys objective is to establish itself as a financially stable and self-sufficient company upon hitting their reported target of 50M users of their application. They have also incorporated production mechanisms into their advertising of the revenue model they are developing and hope to have better-enhanced results financially. The partners of the company, Mark Bukerrzberg and peter Tweet have managed to publicize the brand of the internet organization globally and they hope to make it a player in the social media place. Furthermore, the company is updating itself and continually responding and innovating requirement if users, trends in industries and competitive challenges. They have also established a development workshop in Sydney of 20 personnel called technology Hub which proves to be a busy environment. Therefore, considering the achievements of PeopleSharz company over the past one year, the associated risk comes in form of Social and economic losses. The investments made by the co-owners of the company is wasted as the confidential information of their working over the years is revealed to the whole world and published in newspapers. Subsequently, the number of personnel employed by the company will lose their jobs due to the liquidation and loss of resources by the company. It can also lead to shutting down of its branches established such as the one in Sydney and this would prove costly to the operations of the internet company. The attacks on a web server have varying effects according to the type of attack launched by the hacker and the target audience, which in this case are the users of the applications of the company. Investigations on the type of hacking attack on the server Networks and data are vulnerable to the following types of attacks if there are no security measures in place to protect them. Eavesdropping Generally, a number of communications on networks occur in insecure formats allowing the attacker gain access to paths of data through listening and reading the traffic. In the event of an attacker eavesdropping on communications, it is called sniffing and it is the biggest problem of security facing enterprise administration. It is possible that the hacker obtained confidential information on the company through means of eavesdropping in communications between the cofounders of the company. Attacks on passwords This is the most probable type of attack on the internet company as it is stated that the passwords if important applications were exposed to users in the social media. Most networks are operated on an access of applications through passwords which involves the use of usernames and identity factors and this allows attackers gain access to the server. Attackers gain access to servers by posting as authorized users, making him acquire administrative rights, and after entry into the system, it is possible that they do the following. Obtaining lists of names of computers, valid users and information on networks Modifying the network and server configurations such as routing tables and control of access Rerouting, deleting and modifying the data of the PeopleSharz internet company. Denial of service attack As explained earlier, denial of service attack prevents utilization of networks and computers by authorized users, and the attacker is capable of doing the following on access of the network to PeopleSharz Internet Company. Sending data that is not valid for network services such as the moment when data was sent to other social Medias showing the password of the organization. Blocking traffic to result in loss of network access Flooding of an entire computer system leading to shutdown of the network Sniffer attack This enables the attacker to monitor, read and capture data from a network when there is communication in packets of information. It enables the sniffer to analyze network and have access to information to finally corrupt a network and read relevant communication between the partners of the internet company. Man in the middle attack This breach in protocol occurs where there is a listener during communication between two people who actively monitors, controls and captures information. The man the middle assumes identity of a person in order to read the message and has same effects as the applications layer attack which include; Disabling security measures to facilitate future attacks Termination of operating systems and data applications Reading and deleting of data in a network. Issues to be looked for and tested It is prudent to look for and test the many ways with which website servers are exploited, and they include; The malware that reveal the credentials of the administrator which are used to access resources of PeopleSharz Company. It is important to look for and test the operating systems server vulnerabilities which provide access to attackers. A keener looks into databases containing personal and financial information which are usable by hackers in fraudulent activities The Denial of Service attacks should be tested and looked into to avoid stoppage of businesses of the internet company and web services disruption. Methodologies Used In Investigations The methodologies used in investigation of the risks and major issues of concern affecting the breach of protocol of PeopleSharz Internet Company include; The use of forensic analysis Hiring of specialized computers specialists Analysis of data transfer and involvement of law enforcement agencies when fraudulent activities are involved. Conclusively, the above explained investigative procedures and matters for consideration serve in helping in the identification of possible problems associated with the hacking activity. It further assists in the determination of the appropriate prompt course of action to be taken to help in remedying the situation at hand and preventing further attacks on the internet company servers. Dependencies And Success Factors For The Job For the successful coordination of activities of the investigation into the breach of web servers of the internet company, it is important to have the necessary support needed to solve the problem. These range from business stakeholders to developers of most network servers and experts on the field of computing and programming of schedules. The board of directors The board of directors of the company is in charge of providing the necessary human and financial resources to facilitate investigative procedures, therefore Mark Buckerberger and Peter Tweet are to provide finances. Stakeholders of the PeopleSharz Company Stakeholders of the PeopleSharz Company are to provide any relevant information related to the breach of protocol and access to information lot. They are to help in the tracing of who sent the message and at what time they received the passwords of the company. The roles of designers The roles of designers are undoubtedly noticed as they are in charge of developing safer and enhance web servers with a priority on security measures taking center stage in its formation. This helps in the reducing the chance if risks of attacks by the hackers and therefore guaranteeing to a larger extent its safety and use by only allowed people. Computer experts are expected to assist in the development of strong firewall mechanisms since the development of a working site accommodating large numbers of people is demanding. When each and every member of an organization, by association either directly or indirectly, plays his roles in the operation of finding hackers, it will facilitate quick investigations. Comparatively, all these factors withstanding, PeopleSharz Company will effectively find the perpetrators of the violence which will lead to their arrest and prevention of future attacks on the company. Recommendations There is the need for expertise and sufficient resources in successfully fending off highly sophisticated and systematic attack on web servers of PeopleSharz Company. Consequently, the following recommendations are applicable in ensuring there is a minimization of current and future planned attacks on the web server systems of any other company experiencing the same challenge. They include; For prevention, the following measure should be undertaken in creating needs and specification defining management of the web server systems. The definition of guidelines on pa[3]tch policy which demands the use of most invented and recent updates on the security of web servers. This should be in connection with available systems externally and applies to the operating systems applied. There should be an adoption of maximum restrictions on access to databases through applications on the websites such as HTTP requests. HTTP request is restricted through the use of Apache and other relevant firewalls so that limited requests such as get and post are allowed. There should be a development of a two staged concept that has its own web service interfaces to increase the security of databases. There should be enhanced and clear guidelines on a security of accessing the services of the websites. There should be the restriction on administrative interfaces access in a way that its availability is not possible through the whole internet. The administrative interfaces should be outsourced and made available internally within PeopleSharz Company. There should be continual auditing by specialists. There should be checking of applications of the website through reviews of codes. In case there is no possibility of increasing the security of the application itself, there is room for use of application firewalls and hardware appliances. These will help in the increment of security levels but will not replace the set guidelines. It is suggested that critical systems are subjected to security auditing by specialists before they are used. For purposes of increasing security levels of the components of web management system, the following solutions are recommended; The apache web server security is to be increased through the application of mod security. The passwords saved in databases should be encrypted. The applications should be capable of assisting the users to select passwords that are of higher security levels, for example where minimum characters are needed. One should pay attention to concepts of security soft wares. There should be consideration of issues of security in a technology of databases. There should be regular checks on messages sent to address the problem of unmonitored messages as hacker groups send warnings before they commit an attack. Monitoring public declarations by hacker groups in the event of planning attacks through twitter and other social sites. For the purposes of limitations on damages in the event of attacks, the following should be taken into considerations as possible solutions. Looking into politically motivated attacks since the presence of intrusion detection systems give prior warnings of impending attacks. There are vulnerabilities in the installation of exploit kits on servers which result in malware infections. The following tips on communication channels are also admissible; Partitioning and stoppage of infected systems to help in the prevention of more unwanted transmission of data. Preservation of the existing infection status. This include: Analysis of the contents of the web and files of the operating systems. Analysis of database and firewall access logs The creation of clear analysis of data copied illegally with a view of obtaining attack dimensions. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident from the case study analysis of PeopleSharz Company on the importance of ensuring there is a proper application that is well protected. From the explanations given, this helps in protecting customers and employees from experiencing problems in finance and private information security. It is also prudent for the government and industries to develop and implement rules and regulations that govern against hacking attacks. The nature of hacking activities impacts on organizations such as damage of reputations calls for the urgent need for companies to adopt better mechanisms to help in the safeguarding of their interests. Therefore it is important in having a modern and well-designed web server that takes into account the important details of security measures. Bibliography Kannan, Karthik, Mohammad S. Rahman, and Mohit Tawarmalani. "Economic and policy implications of restricted patch distribution."Management Science(2016). Patel, Savan K., V. R? Rathod, and Jigna B. Prajapati. "Comparative analysis of web security in open source content management system." InIntelligent Systems and Signal Processing (ISSP), 2013 International Conference on, pp. 344-349. IEEE, 2013. Shema, Mike.Hacking web apps: detecting and preventing web application security problems. Newnes, 2012.

Mountain Biking Essays (384 words) - Mountain Biking, Cycling, Trail

Mountain Biking If you want the rush of going downhill at thirty miles an hour on two wheels with wind blowing dirt in your eyes and mud flinging all over you, then mountain biking is for you. However it isn't for the faint of heart. When you fall, you fall hard, and if you ride hard, you go through parts like a runner goes through water. Also keep in mind that mountain biking isn't for everyone. You have to want to live on the edge. The thrill is the reward for all of your efforts. So let's take a walk through a day at the course. The sun is shinning in my room as I wake up on another beautiful Saturday morning. The one thing that excites me as I rise is the fact that today I am going mountain biking. So I get dressed and call my friend Sean. Sean is the person who I go mountain biking with the most. We normally go to a place in Barrington. It is a forest reserve that has great trails. After Sean arrives at my house we do a little pre-ride bike check. We make sure that all of the components are securely on the bike and that the tires are properly inflated. With water bottles filled and bikes ready to go, we are off. Not long after we arrive at our destination we see others just like us who are out to enjoy a great day at the trails. With bikes ready to go so are we. Usually we start off with the small trails that have some hills to them. After we are tired of the small stuff we get into downhill chutes, cross-country riding and all the hard riding that mountain biking is all about. Occasionally, we have a spill or two but nothing to serious. In my case however, the only time I go mountain biking by myself, I fall and break my collar bone. So after a few hours of riding all our energy on the course, we decide it is time to go home. You know that you rode hard if you are covered in mud and dirt. And after another successful ride, we go home to plan our next day at the course. Sports and Games Essays

Fun Ways to Assess Student Learning Informally

Fun Ways to Assess Student Learning Informally There are a variety of ways to assess a student’s progress and understanding. Two of the primary methods are formal and informal assessments. Formal assessments include tests, quizzes, and projects. Students can study  and prepare for these assessments in advance, and they provide a systematic tool for teachers to measure a student’s knowledge and evaluate learning progress. Informal assessments are more casual, observation-based tools. With little advance preparation and no need to grade the results, these assessments allow teachers to get a feel for student progress and identify areas in which they might need more instruction. Informal assessments can help teachers  pinpoint students’ strengths and  weaknesses and guide planning for upcoming lessons.   In the classroom, informal assessments are important because they can help identify potential problem areas and allow for course correction before students are required to demonstrate understanding at a formal evaluation. Many homeschooling families prefer to rely almost entirely on informal assessments because they are often a more accurate indicator of understanding, particularly for students who don’t test well. Informal assessments can also provide vital student feedback without the stress of tests and quizzes. Following are just a few examples of creative informal assessments for your classroom or homeschool. Observation Observation is the heart of any informal assessment, but it is also a key stand-alone method. Simply watch your student throughout the day. Look for signs of excitement, frustration, boredom, and engagement. Make notes about the tasks and activities that elicit these emotions. Keep samples of student work in  chronological order  so that you can identify progress and areas of weakness. Sometimes you don’t realize how much a student has progressed until you compare their current work to previous samples. Author Joyce Herzog has a simple but effective method of observing progress. Ask your student to do simple tasks such as writing an example of each math operation he understands, writing the most complicated word he knows he can spell correctly, or  writing a sentence (or short paragraph). Do the same process once a quarter or once a semester to gauge progress. Oral Presentations We often think of oral presentations as a type of formal assessment, but they can be a fantastic informal assessment tool, as well. Set a timer for  one or two  minutes and ask your student to tell you what he’s learned about a particular topic. For example, if you are learning about parts of speech, you could ask your students to name as many prepositions as they can in 30 seconds while you write them on the whiteboard. A broader approach is to present students with a sentence starter and let them take turns finishing it. Examples include: â€Å"My favorite thing about this topic was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"The most interesting or surprising thing I learned about this was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"This historical figure was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Journaling Give your students one to three minutes at the end of each day to journal about what they learned. Vary the daily journaling experience by asking students to: list 5-10 facts they’ve learned about a topicwrite about the most exciting thing they learned that daylist one or two things they’d like to know more aboutnote something that they’re having trouble understandinglist ways that you could help them understand a topic better. Paper Toss Let your students write questions for each other on a piece of paper. Instruct students to crumple their paper, and let them have an epic paper wad toss. Then, have all the students pick up one of the paper balls, read the question aloud, and answer it. This activity wouldn’t work well in most homeschool settings, but it’s an excellent way for students in a classroom or homeschool co-op to get the wiggles out and check their knowledge on a topic they’ve been studying. Four Corners Four Corners is another fantastic activity for getting kids up and moving while also assessing their knowledge. Label each corner of the room with a different option such as strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree, or A, B, C, and D. Read a question or statement and have students go to the corner of the room that represents their answer. After students reach their corner, allow them a minute or  two to discuss their choice in their group. Then, choose a representative from each group to explain or defend that group’s answer. Matching/Concentration Let your students play matching (also known as  concentration) in groups or pairs. Write questions on one set of cards and answers on the other. Shuffle the cards and lay them, one by one, face down on a table. Students take turns turning over two cards trying to match a question card with the correct answer card. If a student makes a match, he gets another turn. If he does not, it’s the next players turn. The student with the most matches wins. Concentration is an extremely versatile game. You can use math facts and their answers, vocabulary words and their definitions, or historical figures or events with their dates or details. Exit Slips At the end of each day or week, have your students complete an exit slip before leaving the classroom. Index cards work well for this activity. You can have the questions printed on the cards, written on the whiteboard, or you can read them aloud. Ask your students to fill out the card with answers to statements such as: Three  things I learnedTwo  questions I haveOne thing I didn’t understandWhat I found most interesting This is an excellent activity for gauging what students have retained about the topic they are studying and to determine areas which may need more explanation. Demonstration Supply the tools and let students show you what they know, explaining the process as they go. If they’re learning about measurements, provide rulers or a tape measure and items to measure. If they’re studying plants, offer a variety of plants and let students point out the different parts of the plant and explain what each does. If students are learning about biomes, provide the settings for each (drawings, photos, or dioramas, for example) and model plants, animals, or insects that one might find in the biomes represented. Let students place the figures in their correct settings and explain why they belong there or what they know about each. Drawings Drawing is an excellent way for creative, artistic, or kinesthetic learners to express what they’ve learned. They can draw the steps of a process or create a comic strip to depict a historical event. They can draw and label plants, cells, or the parts of a knight’s armor. Crossword puzzles Crossword puzzles make a fun, stress-free informal assessment tool. Create puzzles with a crossword puzzle maker, using definitions or descriptions as the clues. Accurate answers result in a correctly-completed puzzle. You can use crossword puzzles to evaluate understanding of a variety of history, science, or literature topics such as states, presidents, animals, or even sports. Narration Narration is a method of student evaluation widely used in homeschooling circles and inspired by Charlotte Mason, a British educator, at the turn of the 20th century. The practice involves having a student tell you, in his own words, what he has heard after a read-aloud or learned after studying a topic. Explaining something in one’s own words requires comprehension of the subject. Using narration is a useful tool for discovering what a student has learned and identifying areas that you may need to  cover more thoroughly. Drama Invite students to act out scenes or create puppet shows from topics they’ve been studying. This is especially effective for historical events or biographical studies. Drama can be an exceptionally valuable and easy-to-implement tool for homeschooling families. It’s common for young children to incorporate what they’re learning into their pretend play. Listen and observe as your children play to evaluate what they’re learning and what you may need to clarify. Student Self-evaluation Use self-evaluation to help students  reflect on and assess  their own progress.  There are many options for a simple self-assessment. One is to ask students to raise their hands to indicate which  statement applies to them: â€Å"I fully understand the topic,† â€Å"I mostly understand the topic,† â€Å"I’m a little confused,† or â€Å"I need help.† Another option is to ask students to give a thumbs up, a sideways thumb, or a thumbs down to indicate fully understand, mostly understand, or need help. Or use a five-finger scale and have students hold up the number of fingers that corresponds to their level of understanding. You may also want to create a self-evaluation form for students to complete. The form can list statements about the assignment and boxes for students to check if they strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree that the statement applies to their assignment. This type of self-evaluation would also be useful for students to rate their behavior or participation in class.

Karl Marx's Ideas About Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Karl Marx's Ideas About Religion - Essay Example The writings of Karl Marx are still recognized today as the foundation of socialist thought. In his 1948 Communist Manifesto, he decried the imbalance of the power between the people and the economic ‘powers that be’ which included the religious establishment. Marx’s views on religion emanated, as do most persons, from his experiences early on in life. This discussion presents an overview of Marx’s childhood and early adult influences which served to shape his religious ideology, describes then critiques this philosophy. Marx was born in Germany in 1818 to Jewish parents and raised in a middle-class environment. His father, though a devout Jew, was forced to either become baptized as a member of the Protestant religion or lose his job as a respected lawyer. German’s long-standing mistrust and hatred of the Jews began long before the Nazi regime took control in the 1930’s. In 1835, Marx entered the University of Bonn where he met his future wife, Jenny von Westphalen whose father, socialite Baron von Westphalen, piqued Marx’s interest in romantic literature.

Chauncy and Gay Male Culture, 1890-1940 (responses) Assignment

Chauncy and Gay Male Culture, 1890-1940 (responses) - Assignment Example I feel the response is correct in its assessment of gay male culture through the questions answered. The second response correctly identifies the three myths that Chauncey aims at dismantling. The response is however not very well detailed when it comes to assessing the questions raised. The author identifies the reasons for gay closure on a narrower perspective. The author should provide a wider perspective of the reasons gays remained closeted at certain points in history. The author provides his answers to the question as to why gay men got forced underground by simply quoting Chauncey. The author should elaborate on Chauncey’s reason a bit further. The response also has a few grammar mistakes in regards to the use of tenses and sentence structure which require ironing out. I feel the author in the second response has valid answers to the questions posed but needs to structure his sentences for his or her answers to come out more

P2 Cycle in WDM Networks

P2 Cycle in WDM Networks P2-CYCLE IN WDM NETWORKS M.DILEEP Smt K .APARNA Abstract The Failure Independent Path Protection (FIPP) p cycle is efficient scheme. If failure occurs in pre configured cycle it is protection is reconfigured between those two nodes. In this paper we use Parasitic Protection Links (PPL). PPL’s are p-cycles with have attached links. PPL’s are used to protect the not only failure nodes but it connected to PPL to cycle. P2 cycle is known as p cycle with parasitic protection links. We address The P2 cycle in mesh networks can be analysed by using single link failure. We further propose two P2-cycle based heuristic algorithms, Strict Routing Protection (SRP) and Flexible Routing Protection (FRP), to address the dynamic traffic case. In the dynamic case, both SRP and FRP outperform FIPP p-cycle schemes in terms of blocking probability in most scenarios considered. In general, the P2-cycle protection scheme outperforms the p-cycle based in terms of capacity efficiencies which being slightly slower in terms of traffic recovery speed. Key words: Parasitic Protection Links (PPL), Strict Routing Protection (SRP), Flexible Routing Protection (FRP). I. INTRODUCTION Network survivability, defined as the Continuous operations of network are performed in case failure occurred in the network [3]. In generally optical networks carry information in terabytes. A failure in network causes lot of loss of data. Ring based networks can easily come due to their structure and fast recovery management. In ring based it takes 50-60ms but it gives capacity redundancy high. As mesh based networks emerged, more capacity efficient protection schemes were proposed which allow backup capacity sharing. These schemes are into three categories: link-based, segment-based and path-based [29]. Link-based protection schemes produce the fast traffic recovery speed but suffer from the worst resource efficiency . Best resource efficiency is achieved by path based protection scheme. Shared Backup Path Protection (SBPP) is one of the path protection schemes. it is high capacity. upon a network failure. It takes long time o recover from traffic. Segment based protection schemes lie between the link-based and path-based schemes, and offer a better combination of bandwidth efficiency and recovery time. Path-based protection schemes usually achieve the best resource efficiency. Among them, a path protection scheme, namely, Shared Backup Path Protection (SBPP), was shown to be the most capacity efficient protection scheme [8]. However, it suffers from long traffic recovery time upon a network failure. Segment based protection schemes lie between the link-based and path-based schemes, and offer a better combination of bandwidth efficiency and recovery time . The pre-configured protection cycle is known as p-cycle, combines the good qualities of mesh and ring based protection schemes and achieves the recovery speed of ring- based with the capacity efficiency of mesh protection. P-cycle has been proven theoretically to be the most efficient pre-configured protection scheme in terms of capacity efficiency and recovery speed . II. Dynamic Traffic Scenarios In dynamic traffic without the prior knowledge of arrival time of future requests. Due to the pre-configuration property of traditional p-cycles, it is extremely difficult to re- provision all the protection cycles whenever a new session arrives in order to minimize overall cost. Each provisioning takes large computation cost and complex network reconfiguration. Therefore, most of the work in the literature assume that established p-cycles should not vary with time or traffic. The authors in proposed three different routing algorithms along with link-based p-cycle protection scheme to deal with dynamic traffic. The results indicate that the proposed p-cycle based design performs better than SBPP in dense networks but worse in sparse networks. Protected Working Capacity Envelopes (PWCE) is another method to address dynamic traffic scenarios. It divides the entire network into two partitions: working and protection. Both static and dynamic traffic can be accommodated as long as the tot al traffic do not exceed the limit of working envelopes. Although some decent results have been shown in the literature, p-cycles still have such intrinsic weakness in dealing with dynamic traffic. If an incoming session whose end nodes do not lie on any cycle, it cannot be protected and a new cycle has to be constructed to protect this session, or the existing cycles must be reconfigured. An example shown in Figure 4.2 illustrates such weakness and also reveals the advantage of P2-cycles. In Fig. 4.2(a), session1 has been provisioned and protected by cycle C1(ECBFE). As session 2 arrives, the primary path of session 2 is provisioned as P2(ABCD). Under FIPP p-cycle scheme, cycle C1 cannot protect it and thus a new cycle C2(ABCDEFA) is constructed to protect it as shown in Fig.4.2(b). However, instead of building a new cycle, using P2-cycle approach we can add two PPLs (A,F) and (D,E) to connect the end nodes of P2 such that C1 can also provide a protection segment (AFED) for P2 as shown in Fig.4.2(c). Therefore, both sessions are protected by a P2-cycle with much less cost. Fig 1: P2-cycle deals With Dynamic Traffic III. Problem Statement In dynamic traffic scenarios, a WDM mesh network is given with network resources, such as the maximum number of wavelengths and the cost on each span. Each traffic request arrives to the network in a dynamic fashion such that it needs to be considered individually based on the current network status. The network status consists of the detailed working and available wavelengths on each span as well as all the accepted sessions and P2-cycles provisioned in the network. Given a network modelled as an undirected graph G = (V;E) where each undirected span e2E has a cost ce, the current network which includes the currently used and available wave- lengths on each span e, each accepted session l and their protection P2-cycles. Provision incoming unicast sessions against any single-link failure with the minimum overall blocking probability by using P2-cycle scheme. The assumptions required in this dynamic traffic case are the same as that in the static case. We design two heuristics to address the dynamic traffic case. In the first method, named Strict Routing Protection (SRP), the primary and protection path for each incoming session are computed separately. The primary path is firstly provisioned using Dijkstras shortest routing algorithm. Based on the primary path, either an existing P2-cycle or a new cycle is found to protect it. In the second method, named Flexible Routing Protection (FRP), the primary and protection paths of an incoming session are constructed jointly. The existing P2-cycles will be preferred to being used first. If no existing one is able to protect the session, a new cycle will be formed. We allow spare capacity sharing between different sessions to increase the capacity efficiency. A. Strict Routing Protection (SRP): The motivation of SRP is to always choose the shortest path to route the primary traffic in order to leave more spare capacity for protection, since the capacity used for primary path cannot be shared among different sessions. And then we check whether any available P2 cycle can be exploited to protect this newly established session. Once being set up, the cycle for a P2-cycle cannot be changed. The protection links that are added to PPL’s are one hop away from end nodes. The detail of the algorithm SRP described in following steps: 1. As a new session dl(sl; tl) arrives, establish the primary path fl between sl and tl under current network status by using Dijkstras algorithm. If it fails, the session is blocked; 2. Sort all the existing P2-cycles, cp â‚ ¬ C, in the increasing order of (dl; cp), which is One hop indicates that there exists a span in the network that connects a node to the cycle. If (dl; cp) = infinite 1 for all cp â‚ ¬ C, then no existing cycle is able to protect this new session. Thus, a new cycle needs to be constructed to protect dl. 3. For each existing protection cycle, cp, we construct a temporary graph G0, consisting of only the cycle spans of cp and all the spans connecting the source and destination nodes of l to the cycle . All the spans used by fl should be removed to ensure that its protection path is link-disjoint. Then, all the sessions protected by cp are checked and if an existing session in D can share the same cp with the new session l, we should make sure that either their primary paths or their protection paths are link-disjoint. we remove the protection paths of all the sessions in D whose primary paths are not link-disjoint with fl. If a protection path can still be found in the remaining G0 this protection path will be ql for l. Accordingly, the protection cycle is also determined, which should be updated if some PPLs are also used. 4. If every existing cp fails to protect dl, a new cycle will be constructed to protect it. We first attempt to find two diverse paths to form a cycle that is link-disjoint to fl. If such cycle cannot be found, then we find a path, ql, link-disjoint to fl and the cycle is formed by combining ql with fl. B. Flexible Routing Protection (FRP): Different from SRP, the flexible routing protection scheme considers primary and protection paths jointly for each arriving session. Instead of determining the primary path in advance, we examine each existing P2-cycle and find each potential protection path along the cycle that can connect the source and destination. For each potential protection path, we try to discover a primary path for it. If it succeeds, the session is accepted. Otherwise, a new cycle is constructed to protect the session. Flexible Routing Protection (FRP) Scheme Algorithm FRP is explained in following steps: Given a new session dl(sl; tl), all the available P2-cycles cp â‚ ¬ C are sorted in the increasing order of (dl; cp). For each available cp, list all the possible protection paths for dl. If the end nodes sl and tl are on the cycle, there are two possible segments along the cycle. If sl or(and) tl is not on the cycle, the path will be composed of parasitic links connecting sl or tl to the cycle and an on-cycle segment. We assume the average node degree in a given network is denoted by  µ. Each cycle can provide two on cycle segments between any pair of on-cycle nodes. Each end node, sl or tl, can be connected to the cycle by at most  µ PPLs given the node degree  µ. Hence, the average number of candidate protection paths provided by any P2-cycle For each candidate ql, run Dijkstras algorithm to find a primary path fl in G that is not only link-disjoint to ql but also link-disjoint with other primary paths protected by the same cycle if their protection paths are not link-disjoint. If it succeeds, we store the combination in a temporary set T, which is initialized as ;. After checking all the existing P2-cycles, we check set T and find the combination with minimum cost of fl. We recover the spans removed from G and update the network status. If no existing P2-cycle can be used to protect session dl, we use Bhandaris algorithm to find two link-disjoint paths between si and ti to form a new P2-cycle. If it fails, the session is blocked. Otherwise, the session is accepted and one of the paths (usually the shorter one) is used as the primary path fl, and the network is updated. IV. Results for Dynamic Traffic Based on two P2-cycle protection algorithms, SRP and FRP, proposed for provisioning dynamic requests, we conduct a simulation study to compare the performance of these algorithms under dynamic traffic. The networks used in the simulations are NSFNET, COST239 and USNET, in which USNET network, shown in Fig. 2 has 24 nodes and 43 edges and the average node degree is 3.58. Fig.2 USNET(24 nodes, 43 edges) In each simulation run, 1000 randomly generated unicast requests are loaded to the network sequentially and the reject ratio is recorded. The arrival of traffic follows Poisson distribution with  ¸ requests per second and the duration of an accepted connection is exponentially distributed with a mean of  ¹. The traffic load measured in Erlangs is ÃŽ »Ã‚ µ Each connection requires an entire wavelength to transmit the traffic. The maximum capacity on each network link is set to 16 wavelengths. Figures 3,4,and 5 show the blocking probability of dynamic traffic using SRP, FRP and FIPP p-cycle in NSFNET, USNET and COST239 networks, respectively. Each point in the figures is the average value of 200 simulation runs for each traffic load. For FIPP p-cycle scheme, the primary path of each arriving connection is provisioned first by using Dijkstras algorithm, and then protected by a p-cycle. Fig 3(a):Comparison of blocking probability in NSFNET(W=16) Fig 3(b):Comparison of blocking probability in COST239(W=16) Fig 3(c):Comparison of blocking probability in USNET(W=16) The results show that both SRP and FRP achieve lower blocking probability than FIPP under most of the network scenarios. In NSFNET, SRP achieves better performance than the other two schemes. In USNET, FRP outperforms SRP and FIPP under every scenarios. In COST239, however, SRP and FIPP achieves the same session blocking ratio, which is better than FRP, when the traffic load is relatively low. As the traffic load increases where the network is very saturated, FRP turns to perform better than SRP and FIPP. Based on the results, SRP performs better than other two schemes in relatively small and sparse networks at a low level of traffic load. FRP achieves the best performance in larger and denser networks, especially when the network is very saturated. One of the reason that SRP performs better in small and sparse networks, such as, NSF, is that to provision a session always using the shortest path will save some capacity for protection in a long run. Hence, more capacity can be used for protection such that more cycles can be established. in a network with high nodal degree, a cycle is more likely to reach a large group of nodes compared with a sparse network. In this case, FRP has a higher chance to protect a given session by using existing P2-cycles when network load is very high and the network is over saturated. Fig 4(a).Comparison of NOR in NSFNET(W=16) Fig 4(b).Comparison of NOR in cost239(W=16) Fig 4(c).Comparison of NOR in USNET(W=16) We also studied the average NOR of each accepted connection as in dynamic traffic scenarios and the results are shown in Figures 4(a),4(b) and 4(c). As expected, FIPP achieves the best solution with exact two node reconfigurations for each connection. Meanwhile, SRP also performs better than FRP in three networks. This reveals that connections protected by FRP use more PPLs than those used by SRP, which follows from the basic concept on which the two algorithms are based. It is worth noting that the average NOR achieved by SRP is almost stable below 2.4 in NSF and USNET and 2.7 in COST239. This indicates that most of the connections only need two no reconfigurations upon a network failure, especially in NSF and USNET. FRP has larger average NOR because it iterates every existing p-cycle in the network to protect each session and choose the one with minimum cost but not the one with minimum NOR. Shorter primary paths always results in longer protection paths such that more PPLs are us ed to protect each session. Therefore, based on the simulation results, SRP and FRP both achieves the lowest blocking probability than FIPP in most of the network scenarios considered and each scheme has advantage over the other in different network scenarios. SRP has better failure recovery performance than FRP. In dynamic traffic scenarios, the P2-cycle protection scheme is faster protection scheme provides an enhancement of capacity efficiency over the FIPP p-cycle with asmall change in the recovery time. VI. Extension The p2-cycles can be extended to link failures can be obtained. If one node can be failed then the data will be passed through alternative paths to reach to the destination. The p2 cycle can be defined as the original p-cycle The protection links that are added to PPL’s are one hop away from end nodes. For p2-cycles the network data can be efficiently transferred to destination which is one hop away from the nodes. V. Conclusions In this paper new p cycle protection is done in mesh based protection networks. By using the parasitic protection links (PPL), FIPP p-cycle can be extended through paths from end nodes which are one hop away from the failure nodes of p cycles. In dynamic traffic scenarios., in dynamic their are two algorithms are proposed Strict Routing Protection (SRP) and Flexible Routing Protection (FRP), to handle dynamic traffic demands in order to minimize the total number of blocked sessions. In dynamic traffic case the blocking probability less by using algorithms SRP and FRP comparing with FIPP p cycles. The numerical results shows the P2-cycle protection scheme is a more highly capacity efficient than the Failure Independent Path Protection p-cycle scheme in dynamic traffic case. the P2-cycle protection scheme is a more effective alternative of existent p-cycle-based and path-based protection schemes, Considering the factors of capacity efficiency and recovery speed References D. Zhou and S. Subramanian, â€Å"Survivability in optical networks,† IEEE Networks, 2012 P. Arijs, B. V. Caenegem, P. Demeester, and P. Lagasse, â€Å"Design of ring and mesh based WDM transport networks,† Optical Networks Magazine, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 27-41, 2011. S. Ramamurthy and B. Mukherjee, â€Å"Survivable WDM mesh networks. Part I-protection,† in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 744-751, 2011. S.krishna â€Å"Survivable WDM mesh network,†, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 870-883, 2009. P. H. Ho and H. T. Mouftah, â€Å"shared protection for optical networks,† IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 97-103, February 2002. Bharat T. Doshi, Subrahmanyam Dravida, P. Harshavardhana, Oded Hauser, and Yufei Wang, â€Å"Optical Network Design and Restoration,† Bell Labs Technical Journal, JanuaryCMarch 1999 Caihui Ou, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. H. Sahasrabuddhe and B. Mukherjee, â€Å"New and Improved Ap-proaches for Shared-Path Protection in WDM Mesh Networks,† IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY 2004 Dahai Xu, Y. Xiong and C. Qiao, â€Å"Novel algorithms for shared-segment protection,† IEEE Journal of Selected Areas on Communications, v21. p1320-1331, 2003 Janos Tapolcai and et al. â€Å"A New Shared Segment Protection Method for Survivable Networks with Guaranteed Recovery Time,† IEEE Transactions on Reliability, Vol. 57, pp. 272-282, 2008. W.D D. Stamat, â€Å" Next Generation networks,† in Proc. IEEE ICC’ 98, 1998, pp. 537-543

Handmaids Tale Essay -- essays research papers

Many of the principles of Gilead are based on Old Testament beliefs. Discuss Atwoods use of biblical allusions and their political significance in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The Handmaids Tale’ is a book full of biblical allusions, before Atwood begins the text an epigraph gives us an extract from Genesis 30: 1-3 â€Å"And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I die. And Jacob’s anger was kindled against Rachel; and he said, Am I in God’s stead, who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the womb? And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her.† This principle from the Bible is used throughout ‘The Handmaids Tale’, the principles being that it is the idea of both assemblages that a women’s duty is to have children and that it is acceptable for a man to be angry if a women can not produce a child. Both these beliefs show that in jointly the Bible and ‘The Handmaids Tale’, women are completely defined by fertility and are classed as ‘walking wombs’. ‘The Handmaids Tale’ recreates the selected stanzas from the bible with Jacob, Rachel, Leah and the two handmaids. The tale is an Old Testament story about surrogate mothers, on which the novel is based. The section gives biblical precedent for the several practices of Gilead, by doing this it paves the way for Atwood to comment on patriarchy where women are undervalued and abused in all walks of life. The idea is also expressed later when we discover the ‘Red Centre’ governmentally known as the ‘Rachel a nd Leah Centre’. As the basis of the novel it is replicated many times throughout the text, for example, it is found in the family reading before the monthly ceremonies, and in Rachel’s plea ‘give me children, or else I die’. This clearly lays emphasis on the threat to the Handmaids life. By failing to produce a child, they will be classed as Unwomen and sent to the Colonies to die. Atwood, to coordinate with biblical references has employed a biblical name for the place where the book is set. Gilead is the name Atwood saw fit to call her town. The fundamentalist Republic of Gilead is named after a place in the Old Testament, a mountainous region east of Jordan. Gilead is closely connected with the history of patriarch Jacob, and the prophe... ...ical references, for example, the lords prayer in chapter thirty where she changes the ‘norm’ and asks for the things that she really wants. Just like the commander and the teachers of regime do in order to get what they want. â€Å"Now we come to forgiveness. Don’t worry about forgiving me right now. There are more important things. For instance: keep others safe, if they are safe. Don’t let them suffer too much. If they have to die, let it be fast. You might even provide a heaven for them. We need you for that. Hell we can create ourselves.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gileads official discourse is a hybridised rhetoric, which combines biblical language with traces of American capitalist phrases; for example, ‘in God we trust’ is the motto on the dollar bill. Marxism and feminism. It uses and abuses the bible in the same way as it uses the slogans of the liberal ideology it has overthrown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Handmaids Tale’ is a blunt warning to modern society, Atwood underlines that all the points in her novel have occurred in the world previously, and if propaganda establishes itself it could take place again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Conflict Resolution (Team Dynamics for Managers) Essay

A major conflict that appears in many, if not most, groups appears to be miscommunication or lack of communication. There are several solutions available to resolve miscommunication. Each member of a team has certain strengths and skills that help resolve occurring issues. When a team is confronted with miscommunication or lack of communication, having a plan is a necessity. Lack of communication can easily lead to miscommunication in a group and cause many reoccurring issues. Certain confliction techniques can be used to not only eliminate the issue, but also understand the underlying issue at hand. Conflict and Solution Personal Strengths to Resolve Issue Creating a detailed learning team charter that involves all members allows each individual to contribute their strengths in problem solving. Generally, charters are mainly used as a tool to contact other members outside of the team environment. The other members offer their information and would be responsible to check into the team in a reasonable amount of time. This is the beginning opportunity to highlight each member’s strengths and especially how willing they are to participate. Participation is one of the main behaviors that help a team strive or fail. How little or how much a person chooses to participate confides solely within them. This is especially true since individuals learn and retain information in different ways; the application of strengths can be applied in separate and unique formats in a team. The most appropriate conflict management would be Jerry Wisinski’s A-E-I-O-U Model, which focuses on collaboration and what he calls positive intentionality, the assumption that other people are not trying to cause conflict (Engleberg & Wynn, 2010). After completing the charter and knowing what is expected of each member, the most appropriate method of communication would be speaking with and checking in with members outside of the group. Conflict Management Techniques Each conflict is special in its nature and requires customized care depending on the situation or context with which the problem resides. â€Å"†¦all managers—whether they be supervisors, middle managers or chief executive officers—must learn to manage conflict if they are to be effective in leading their particular organizational units† (DuBose & Pringle, 1989, p. 1). The idea that a problem should be â€Å"managed† crops up because conflict is a known and necessary part of organizational development. Conflicts shape organizations; but why must an organization go through a difficulty or hardship in order to understand conflict management? â€Å"The term ‘managing’ implies that conflict is not inevitably destructive† (DuBose & Pringle, 1989, p. 1). Conflicts are not unchangingly damaging because it is necessary for growth to come across a few growing pains. Organizations with good management almost always succeed and dreams of growth come into fruition when conflicts are appropriately managed and managers understand the integrality of their interpretation of conflict management and its many different techniques. The team was very natural in its ability to choose a proper technique and utilize it in order to overcome the conflict at hand. The collaboration technique was used successfully as the team was forced to put their heads together and come to a decision with regard to the conflict. The collaboration was effective due to the participants’ unwavering objectivity and understanding of the conflict and how to manage it. Each party had their responsibilities laid out neatly in order to quickly and professionally get the job done. The team was highly prepared for any conflicts and managed them upon manifestation due to the highly comprehensive group. Accommodation is another technique the team productively used. Accommodation is used when the conflict is more important to the other party involved in the conflict and is treated with thoughtfulness by the other members; this technique was also successful because the team was able to â€Å"pick their battles† and strive to meet all the expectations of the team leader, and their teammates (DuBose & Pringle, 1989). Additional Conflict Management Techniques Team communication generally appears to be a conflict that exists within the members of the group. This can only be solved within the members and the willingness to strive, learn, and accomplish together as a group. It takes personal inactive and being open to other’s suggestions to make communication strong and effective. Strong communication would prove to eliminate miscommunication and therefore lack of communication. Setting goals can always be a productive approach to ensuring success and keeping members focused on what needs to be accomplished, and the most effective route to complete tasks. The important balance of goal setting in groups is making sure that personal and team goals do not outweigh one another. Goals are more productive when they are shared and known with other individuals. Making, keeping, and sharing goals in the team environment are essential to success and eliminating miscommunication. In some cases where conflict is stronger than problem solving, it is necessary to seek help outside of the group. Third-party intervention occurs when a group seeks the services of an impartial outsider who has no direct connections to the group, but has the skills needed to analyze the conflict and helps resolve it (Engleberg & Wynn, 2010). In learning team environments, the instructor is the third-party intervention and has authority to make decisions as deemed necessary to help keep the team productive and functioning as a whole. Arrival of Decision The group’s natural understanding of conflict management, and the team leader’s fantastic ability to choose proper techniques, strengthened the team’s ability to get the job done. When conflicts arose, the team effortlessly went through a decision process and effectively outlined the techniques that worked the best. The team was able to utilize all participating members’ strengths to move on with the project after nipping all problems in the bud. While some issues call for more drastic measures, accommodation and collaboration was the team’s two most valuable assets when managing conflict internally. Some issues require an entire modification of the organizational structure which could set back the team, and even the organization, for a very long time. Good management within the organization knows the proper way to take care of problems that arise from conflicts. Good management understands that the symptoms and the disease are two completely different things and should be handled as such. When managers â€Å"settle† problems for lower-level managers, it implies that they do not fully understand the real problem and how to fix it. Symptoms are stopped once the root of the problem is remedied. Conclusion When lack of communication occurs in a group, miscommunication is often followed. Certain personal strengths, such as a willingness to strive and learn from others are important in a group setting. Creating a team charter helps eliminate the issue of miscommunication. Setting goals, being open to other’s thoughts and opinions, and seeking help from outside of the group are all techniques to resolve a conflict in a group setting. The arrival of decisions are done by working as a team, using proper problem solving techniques, communicating, and having a good leader. References DuBose, P. B. & Pringle, C. D. (1989). Choosing A conflict management technique. SuperVision,50(6), 10-10. Retrieved fromhttp://search.proquest.com/docview/195581288?accountid=35812 Engleberg, I. N. & Wynn, D. R. (2010). Working in groups (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn &Bacon.